Gone fishing !
Macquarie Perch
This week the Department of Sustainability and Environment has again been conducting its annual fish monitoring survey in the King Parrot Creek, funded this year by the Goulburn Broken CMA. We were fortunate to spend a morning with Jo and Renae, freshwater ecologists from the Arthur Rylah Institute, who are carrying out the survey, as they have for a number of years. They showed us all the various techniques they are using to capture and identify the fish. They are using both electro-fishing and Fyke nets at 5 locations between Flowerdale and Kerrisdale, with a particular focus on the Macquarie Perch (Macquaria australasica), a threatened species which is protected in all streams in Victoria except the Yarra River, which has an introduced population of the fish.
Electro-fishing involves applying a current through the creek water via a backpack generator. Fish are temporarily stunned, identified and recorded, and recover quickly after release. This technique has limitations, such as not being suitable for monitoring deep pools.
The Fyke nets are cylindrical with a series of supporting hoops, and internal partitions with access holes of decreasing size along the net away from the winged entrance. The other end is tied off and fixed above water so any platypus that is inadvertently trapped can breathe. These nets are left overnight and early in the morning the trapped fish are identified, measured and weighed. The Macquarie Perch, if large enough, are also tagged, and have a small piece of tail clipped for DNA analysis, before all the fish are released unharmed.
Two separate tags are used. A ‘T-bar’ tag, with a readable external flag showing its identification number, is inserted in the dorsal flesh. This tag also has a DSE phone number for anglers to report its capture (and claim a reward!). A second small ‘pit’ tag with a universally unique identifying number is inserted into the fish’s stomach. This tag can be electronically detected. Both tags can provide valuable information on fish movement up and down the creek.
When we left Jo and Renae, they were delighted with the results so far. It looks like being the highest tally of Macquarie Perch of any of their King Parrot Creek surveys, with sizes ranging from tiny ‘young-of-year’ up to almost 40cm long. We will let you know the final tally in a future post.
For a previous post on last year’s survey of Macquarie Perch (also known as ‘Macca’), click HERE.
Now you see ‘em …
When walking anywhere on our property in summer we are accompanied by grasshoppers that suddenly appear, fly out in front, maybe flash a bit of colour, and then just as quickly, they disappear. Grasshoppers are of the same order as crickets and katydids, Orthoptera (from the Greek, ortho meaning straight and ptera meaning wing). One of the distinguishing features among them is that grasshoppers generally have antennae that are shorter than their bodies, and therefore have fewer segments in them than the others. (But this is not a rule…)
Bark-mimicking Grasshopper
Most grasshoppers are omnivorous. This means they eat plant matter, but will also dine on dead animals and catch insects. In turn they are the food source for reptiles, birds, mice and other insects. In many countries grasshoppers are a high-protein part of the human diet. Grasshoppers are eaten raw or boiled, dried, fried, with soy-sauce: you name it.
Gumleaf Grasshopper
The main defence mechanism of the grasshopper is to use camouflage to hide from predators. Pictured (above) is the Bark-mimicking Grasshopper (Coryphistes ruricola), which even at close range is difficult to distinguish from its surroundings. This Gumleaf Grasshopper (Goniaea australasiae) (right) has been photographed away from its preferred dried gumleaf backdrop, and therefore is easily seen.
Tempting as this juicy, crunchy little morsel looked, I had a vegemite sandwich for lunch instead.
It’s time to show our footy colours
Alternative name: Hirdii fanaticus
During the start of the footy season on the Easter long weekend we noticed this moth clinging to some vegetation on our property, proudly displaying its colours. It is known as a Red Footman (Scoliacma bicolora) and is clearly a Bombers supporter, all the way down to the red and black footy socks on the back legs. The caterpillars feed on liverwort, lichen and moss.
I was going to crush it but thought it deserved to see its team suffer the same fate in the 2013 season.
Go Eagles….wedge-tailed, of course.
Don’t worry if you missed Kite Day…
Whistling Kite
February 8 is International Day of the Kites. If you missed the wonderful, coloured cloth creations scooting about the sky, don’t worry – a number of kites have been seen in the Flowerdale district in the past week. Just a different sort of kite.
My attention was drawn to a bird sitting in the very top of a Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora) on our property by the persistent raucous screeching of Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). The cockies were obviously objecting to the bird being there. From a great distance it looked like a dirty cocky itself, but as I crept closer it resolved into a Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus) (pictured left). Although named for its distinct shrill whistling call, it wasn’t whistling at the time, seeming more intent on keeping a low profile.
Driving down the road the next day, we saw a Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris) perched on a power line – no prizes for
Black-shouldered Kite
guessing how it got its name. The Black-shouldered Kite looks very much like the Letter-winged Kite (Elanus scriptus), with the major difference that the latter has a black ‘W’ marking that can be seen under its wings when it hovers. Eventually tiring of being photographed the bird flew off – no W under its wings.
So next year in late March we should run our own Week of the Kites in Flowerdale. Entry will be free and you can observe these kites as much as you like, no strings attached.
Cover bird
The Strath Creek Landcare Group’s booklet “Birds of the lower King Parrot Valley” featured on its front cover an image of the Crested Shrike-tit. This striking bird can occasionally be found in Coonans Bridge Reserve and other bushland remnants in our area, and a small flock was recently seen on a Flowerdale bush block (see photo below). It is mainly an insect eater, foraging in the bark on tree trunks and branches. Its powerful bill can tear bark, open hard galls and dismember larger prey.
It can be unobtrusive and we have been trying to record its distinctive call for some time. Yesterday we tracked one down near Seymour and, although we didn’t get a photograph, we managed to get a good recording of its call – a rather mournful descending whistle (somewhat like a speeded-up version of the Horsfield’s Bronze-Cuckoo call), interspersed with stuttering chuckles. To hear the calls, click on the arrowhead below.
The Crested Shrike-tit is one of a number of woodland birds known to be declining due to fragmentation and degradation of its habitat. Without such birds our trees suffer from excessive insect predation. Renewal of habitat through projects such as the Strath Creek Biodiversity Project is essential for the survival of our woodland birds.
The photo at right is from the booklet mentioned above and was taken by Stuart Harris from the Canberra Ornithologists Group.
Crested Shrike-tits at Flowerdale
Where have all the blokes gone?
Male Common Brown – R.I.P.
The Common Brown Butterfly (Heteronympha merope) is a common sight in our district at various times of the year. We usually see them on the ground regulating their body temperatures by angling their wings to the sun. In late spring and early autumn the air is thick with males (left) frantically searching the bush for elusive females with which to mate. The females (pictured below) remain hidden in the grass and cool shady areas. And then over summer the Common Browns disappear.
Female Common Brown – Kicking on
Recently we noticed that the Common Browns have again appeared in large numbers. The difference is that now they all appear to be female. Further investigation revealed that after mating in early summer the male butterflies die and the females go into aestivation (the summer equivalent of hibernation in winter). Then from late summer to early autumn the females again become active and begin laying their eggs. Unlike some other butterflies the eggs are not carefully laid on plant leaves but rather are dropped randomly on the future caterpillar food plants (mainly native grasses, Poaceae family).
So if you see a flurry of butterfly activity in the bush it’s just the Common Browns having a “girls’ day out”.
P.S. The Common Browns like most butterflies of the same family have only four legs. There goes my Rule 513 – All insects have six legs (see previous post).
Dam birds
Purple Swamphen up close
As a follow-up to the recent post on improving the biodiversity of farm dams [see Dam right!], we thought we would put together some pictures of water-birds that we have seen on our dams/wetland near Strath Creek, and which may be found in and around a fenced-off and well-vegetated farm dam, attracted by the rich diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates.
Some of the photos are not great quality, but are sufficient for identification – a few were taken with a remote camera and some were photographed at other locations. Birds like the Australian Reed-Warbler and Little Grassbird have proved too quick and elusive among the rushes for our limited photographic skills. Other birds such as Yellow-billed Spoonbill and Great Cormorant have only made sporadic appearances and have also eluded the camera.
When beliefs are shattered
I love nature. The laws and rules that govern it provide structure to the world in which I live. Take my Rule 3–Gravity for example. If I release something it will fall. It never fails.
Wandering Ringtails
My Rule 649–Dragonflies and Damselflies says one of the differentiating features between dragonflies and damselflies is that dragonflies rest with their wings flat (open) and damselflies rest with their closed, as shown by the Wandering Ringtails (Austrolestes leda) pictured left. This is a natural law I have always believed, and of course have catalogued and given a number. But sitting on the edge of the King Parrot Creek at dusk last week waiting for the elusive platypus to appear, I noticed an insect resting on a branch with its wings flat.
Bronze Needle
Obviously my first thoughts were, ‘It’s a dragonfly’. However further investigation revealed it to be a Bronze Needle Damselfly (Synlestes weyersii), a species that inhabits rocky stream margins. The female (pictured right, lower) is distinguished from the male (upper) by its shorter and relatively thicker abdomen. Part of the Megapodagrionidae family, all these damselflies are known as ‘Flat-wings’ because of the habit of resting with the wings open … a whole group of insects challenging life as I know it.
So there goes Rule 649. Shattered. If the sun does not come up tomorrow (opposite of my Rule 5–Day-follows-night) I won’t be surprised.
Close call !
Australian White Ibis (deceased)
Here’s an unusual little tale from further afield. Sue McNair, Environment Project Officer with Murrindindi Shire, was walking up a hill in the protected woodlands above McKenzie Reserve, Alexandra, next to the landfill site. As Sue tells it:
“All of a sudden, with a woooosh and a loud bang, an ibis fell dead out of the sky, plummeting and crashing to the ground about 20m away. Had it hit me on the head, it would have knocked me out (or perhaps knocked some sense into me !). There were no other birds visible in the sky at the time, although a flock of ibis had departed when I arrived about 10 – 15 minutes earlier. I saw no mid-air attack and can only conclude that the bird died in flight from an unknown cause (old age perhaps, or maybe the smell emanating from the tip !!?). I was astounded as I had never witnessed anything of the sort before.”
A very much alive Australian White Ibis family at Strath Creek
It was a particularly hot day, so another possible cause of death of Sue’s Australian White Ibis might be heat-stress or dehydration. Hopefully it wasn’t a duck shooter with poor identification skills! We have occasionally wondered why, with the very large number of birds that must die of natural causes each year, even those of us who are regularly out and about see so few carcasses on the ground, and certainly witnessing the result of a mid-air death, as Sue did, would be a rare event. Consumption of dead birds by scavengers large and small can of course be swift, especially with small birds, but it is perhaps surprising that we don’t come across more remains of larger birds such as ibis.
‘You look more beautiful when you’re angry’…
Beautiful
… is a great line used in Hollywood movies. It never fails to disarm a tense situation between feuding parties. Personally when I have used the line it has had quite the opposite effect. The statement is true, though, for a number of caterpillars of the Limacodidae family.
A recent post (click HERE to view) highlighted some of the amazingly intricate caterpillars cruising our district. After a recent storm I noticed many Four Spotted Cup Moth caterpillars (Doratifera quadriguttata) (from
More beautiful
the Latin quadri = four, gutta = spot) munching on eucalyptus leaves at ground level. They no doubt were knocked off their aerial cafeterias by the strong winds. The picture above shows the caterpillar when it is undisturbed. If however the caterpillar feels threatened, four knobs swell on its back and from these, red spikes protrude (pictured right). Other species of the Doratifera genus have up to eight of these knobs. The spikes are tubular structures containing irritant chemicals. Brushing against the spikes breaks them, releasing the chemicals which can cause skin irritations and rashes.
Look, no legs
It just proves what I have learned. It doesn’t matter how beautiful something is, if it’s angry, don’t touch.
P.S. The legs of this caterpillar are almost non-existent (see picture left) and they use their under-bodies to move, much the way a slug does.
Focus On Fauna 